Part One: Quoting

Below, you will find five original texts, which are fragments extracted from previously published articles. Select one original text and quote a segment of the given text or the whole text.
You are to provide two versions where one presents the text with an introductory phrase and the other version cites the text with a parenthetical reference; click HERE to get a list of lead-ins and introductory phrases. Below, you will find an example of a text which was quoted.

Example:
1. Introductory Phrase:
According to Franklin and Mewhort (2015), “Particularly controversial has been the balance of two contributing sources of information: item-to-item associations and item-to-context associations. The latter refers to information about the words, such as their position in a spatial or temporal stream” (p.115).
2. Parenthetical Reference:
“Particularly controversial has been the balance of two contributing sources of information: item-to-item associations and item-to-context associations. The latter refers to information about the words, such as their position in a spatial or temporal stream” (Franklin & Mewhort, 2015, p. 115).

Part Two: Paraphrasing

After having quoted an original text, now you will repeat the process for paraphrasing. Remember that paraphrasing consists of restating the author’s ideas with your own words and citing the source; contrary to summarizing which focuses only on one main idea, a paraphrase needs to incorporate all the details presented in the original source. Do not forget to provide two versions for summarizing: one with an introductory phrase and the other with parenthetical citation.

Part Three: Summarizing

After having quoted and paraphrased an original text, now you will repeat the process for summarizing. Remember that summarizing consists of restating the author’s statement with your own words and citing the source; contrary to paraphrasing which needs to incorporate all the details, summarizing focuses only on one main idea. Do not forget to provide two versions for summarizing: one with an introductory phrase and the other with parenthetical citation.
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Original Texts
1
“The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate. The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwelling helps to cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by human activity” (p. 25).
Reference:
Audubon, H. (1990). Captain Cousteau. Paris Press.
2
The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the law was a bad joke because everyone knew of a local bar where liquor could be had. They were the years when organized crime ruled the cities, and the police seemed powerless to do anything against it. Classical music was forgotten while jazz spread throughout the land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie became the heroes of the young. The flapper was born in the twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more than anyone or anything else, America’s break with the past. (p.18)

Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. (52)

Matisse is the best painter ever at putting the viewer at the scene. He’s the most realistic of all modern artists, if you admit the feeling of the breeze as necessary to a landscape and the smell of oranges as essential to a still life. “The Casbah Gate” depicts the well-known gateway Bab el Aassa, which pierces the southern wall of the city near the sultan’s palace. With scrubby coats of ivory, aqua, blue, and rose delicately fenced by the liveliest gray outline in art history, Matisse gets the essence of a Tangier afternoon, including the subtle presence of the bowabab, the sentry who sits and surveys those who pass through the gate. (A5)

While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, it’s unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world’s tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building go? Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building. (p. 31)

 

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